特殊环境用轴承钢
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">装入汽车、产业用机械、家电、情报机器等机械装置中的轴承不仅要求轻量型、紧凑化，而且要求提高轴承性能以适应过于苛刻环境下的使用。为满足这种需求，必须使材料、热处理工艺、形状和尺寸最佳化，而且还需与使用材料的用户共同谋求周围部件的一体化。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 日本大同特殊钢公司一直致力于开发适合于特别苛刻环境下使用的轴承材料以及适合于这种材料的热处理工艺。以下就该公司与轴承制造商共同开发的并已投入实际应用的高温轴承钢及该公司独自开发的耐异物轴承用钢进行简介。</SPAN><SPAN><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>1.</SPAN><SPAN>高温轴承用钢STJ2<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 随着汽车发动机的输出功率的不断提高以及产业机械高速化和封闭化，轴承使用的环境温度上升。希望开发出在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>473</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">～</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>523K</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">温度下保持性能的轴承。在这种温度范围下，如果使用实施了调质处理的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>SUJ2,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">其硬度就会降低，滚动寿命特性变差。另一方面，虽然用于喷气发动机等的析出硬化型合金钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-M50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在同一温度范围具有充分的滚动寿命，但是该合金含有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">％左右的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Cr</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>V</SPAN><SPAN>等合金元素，所以材料的成本高，热处理也复杂，缺少通用性。因此，将开发使高价的合金元素添加量控制在最低限度，同时考虑到热处理性和加工性的高温轴承用钢作为工作目标提高淬火硬度，提高抗回火软化对于防止高温状态下的软化是有效的。<BR> 该公司调查了合金元素对淬火硬度与回火硬度的影响，为提高淬火硬度利用了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元素，为改善抗回火软化利用了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Si</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元素。因此，对于进行比较的轴承钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>SUJ2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">而言，开发了增加</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Si</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的含量以防止高温下的硬度降低、通过添加</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Ni</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元素保持滚动特性的材料</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>STJ2</SPAN><SPAN>作为高温轴承用钢。<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>2.</SPAN><SPAN>耐异物轴承用钢DCJ2<BR></SPAN><SPAN> 用于汽车的变速器和差动器的轴承中，由于油中混入异物（淤泥、切削粉末），一旦这种异物咬入轴承滚动面便产生压痕引起滚动面的早期剥落，为此开发耐异物轴承钢。<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 通过混入异物环境下滚动疲劳的再现试验、研讨的结果是为改善混入异物环境下的轴承使用寿命，通过提高表面的残留奥氏体量、提高表面硬度或基体的韧性具有效果。</SPAN><SPAN><BR> 开发的添加超过</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">％的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的耐异物轴承用钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>DCJ2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在调质状态下的耐异物滚动疲劳寿命与清洁油滚动疲劳寿命与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>SUJ2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">相比较，其残留奥氏体量高，在异物混入条件下显示出与在清洁油中一样的优异的滚动疲劳寿命，已明确</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>DCJ2</SPAN><SPAN>具有渗碳氮化处理钢同等的优异的耐异物寿命。<BR> 大同特殊钢公司展开了高温轴承钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>STJ2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">与耐异物轴承钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>DCJ2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">两种钢的表面硬化处理的研究工作，与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>NTN</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公司共同开发了添加</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Si</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Ni</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的耐热渗碳轴承钢已实际应用。并且，开发的具有比渗碳氮化处理更为优异的寿命特性的添加</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #181818; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的耐异物用表面硬化钢，已开始向日本、美国、欧洲的轴承制造商进行推广应用。</SPAN>
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