测量连杆瓦片槽深度的专用检具
连杆是汽油机、柴油机的主要零件之一,连杆盖和连杆体的大头孔都加工有瓦片槽口,连杆瓦片槽起限位作用,可保证连杆瓦在连杆高速往复旋转运动中不发生轴向窜动。连杆瓦片槽的尺寸参数有深度<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT></EM>,宽度<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">b</FONT></EM>,长度<FONT face="Times New Roman">h</FONT>和尺寸<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></EM>,如图<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>所示。其中深度<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT></EM>=<FONT face="Times New Roman">2±0</FONT>.<FONT face="Times New Roman">2mm</FONT>为连杆的体盖分合面上槽深边缘距大头孔边缘的距离,该尺寸测量较困难,采用标准检具或专用量规都难以适应工序间对该尺寸快速、准确测量的要求,尤其要测量出<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的具体数值则更不容易。为此,我们设计了一种专用综合检具,其结构如图<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>所示。<P align=center><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/RCL/13220_himqia2008422155848.gif"></P>
<P align=center><STRONG>图<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT> 连杆瓦片槽尺寸参数</STRONG></P>
<P align=center><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/RCL/13220_icxnlv200842215593.gif"></P>
<P align=center>1.限位螺钉 <FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>.定位板 <FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>.定位座 <FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>.工件 <FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT>.螺钉<BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT>.定位销 <FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT>.螺钉 <FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT>.底座 <FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT>.中间垫板 <FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT>.圆锥销<BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>.测量杠杆 <FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT>.销轴 <FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT>.表座 <FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT>.螺钉 <FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT>.百分表</P>
<P align=center><STRONG>图<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT> 检具结构</STRONG></P>
<P align=left> <STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>.测量原理</STRONG></P>
<P align=left> 瓦片槽深度<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT></EM>是槽深边缘到连杆半圆孔边缘的距离。当<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT></EM>为额定值时,测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>一头触点与瓦片槽接触,另一头触点与百分表测头接触,百分表的读数为一额定值。当深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>变化时,测量杠杆在百分表测力的作用下也随<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的变化而转动,这时百分表读数的变化量即为深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的变化量。在测量时,以连杆的大头孔和分合面为定位基准。以大头孔为基准可保证测量时的定位基准与深度<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT></EM>的设计基准相一致,消除了基准不重合误差。</P>
<P align=left><STRONG> <FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>.检具结构及各部件功能</STRONG></P>
<P align=left> 如图<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>所示,测量时,连杆盖或连杆体以定位座<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>、定位板<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>定位。定位销<FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT>为削边销,起侧向定位作用,以保证测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>能顺利插入瓦片槽内。测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>是一等边杠杆,能以销轴<FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT>为中心回转。销轴<FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT>固定在定位板<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>上,定位板<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>上加工有定位槽,测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>可在定位槽内回转。测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>的上端起测头作用,做成圆形,这样有利于测头进入被测部位。测头圆心位于定位板<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>的定位面上,以保证测头测出的深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的变化值为连杆图纸要求的深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>,即深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>是在连杆分合面上的瓦片槽深度。测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>的传动比为<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>∶<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,因此深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的变化量可<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>∶<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>地传递到百分表<FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT>的测头上,其变化值可在百分表上准确读出。百分表安装在表座<FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT>上,利用螺钉<FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT>夹紧,限位螺钉<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>用于限制测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>的转动范围,当<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT></EM>为最大值时,将限位螺钉<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>与测量杠杆侧面的间隙调整为<FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT>.<FONT face="Times New Roman">5mm</FONT>左右,当卸去工件时,受百分表测力的作用,测量杠杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT>的侧面靠在限位螺钉<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>上。定位板<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>通过中间垫板<FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT>以及螺钉<FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT>和定位销<FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT>固定于底座<FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT>上。用此检具测量工件之前,首先需要用标准样件进行对表,其方法是将标准样件置于检具上,然后将百分表置零。标准样件的结构如图<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>所示,样件上的大头孔<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">D</FONT></EM>、两定位孔<EM><FONT face="Times New Roman">d</FONT></EM>和两定位孔距离<FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT>与被测工件一致,槽深<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>为连杆瓦片槽深度的公称尺寸,检具实际测出的正是工件相对于这一公称尺寸的变化值,从而可得到瓦片槽深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的实际值。<BR> 测量操作时,将被测件的两定位孔插入两定位销<FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT>上,然后使工件大头孔定位面和工件端面紧靠在定位元件上,此时百分表上的读数即为瓦片槽深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>相对公称尺寸的变化量,此变化量加上公称尺寸即为瓦片槽口的实际深度尺寸。<BR> 此专用检具设计合理,结构紧凑,使用方便可靠,能准确测出深度<FONT face="Times New Roman">t</FONT>的实际尺寸,可显著提高检测精度和检测速度。</P>
<P align=center><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/RCL/13220_awo0ug2008422155930.gif"></P>
<P align=center><STRONG>图<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT> 标准样件</STRONG></P>
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