如何运用好纸箱抗压试验机
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">随着工业的发展进步，瓦楞纸箱作为包装材料已受到相当广泛的应用。因瓦楞纸箱行业门槛较低，故竞争异常激烈。纸箱用户在使用纸箱的过程中暴露出或多或少的质量问题，如纸箱堆码后跨塌、破裂等等造成诸多的负面影响。</SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">因此，已有越来越多的纸箱用户意识到包装对产品的保护和产品形象推广的双重意义。纸箱用户在确定产品质量标准时已更加专业化和理性，如：添置测试仪器测评纸箱的关键指标</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">耐破和抗压力（或堆码），综合研究是否包装过度（材料设计过剩），实现包装物料的设计在整个产品制造成本中的优化贡献。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">但在产品检验过程中，纸箱用户评定产品是否合格时，往往产生认识上的偏差，对产品测试结果误判。下文就如何正确认识和评定瓦楞纸箱的抗压力和堆码试验，做具体分析、探讨，将个人的实践经验与纸箱企业和用户共同分享。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">纸箱抗压力、堆码测试是否符合要求必须明确两个标准：检验状态标准、物理指标标准。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">检验状态分析</SPAN></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">包装行业通常采用如下两个包装物料的检验状态：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">纸箱试样温度、湿度分别为（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">23±2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">℃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">50±5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">）％预处理</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">24h</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">标准来源：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">SN/T02693-93</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">《出口商品运输包装瓦楞纸箱检验规程》。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">试验纸浆、纸和纸板用的标准大气应是相对湿度（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">50±2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">）％、温度（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">23±1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">℃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，一般纸预处理</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">4h</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，薄纸至少要</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">～</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">8h</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，高定量或其他纸种至少要</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">48 h</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">或更长。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">标准来源：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">GB/T10739-1989</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">《纸浆、纸和纸板试样处理和试验的标准大气》</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">设定纸箱测试预处理的目的是使各样本的纤维组织结构处于均衡稳定的状态，不至使测试结果产生过大的差异而影响对纸箱力学性能的判定。瓦楞纸箱应引用第</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">种预处理方式。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">安全抗压力及堆码测试探讨</SPAN></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">概念表述</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">抗压力是纸箱对持续均匀地施加压力，所达到的最大的抗压屈服值。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">堆码（标准名称－静载荷堆码）是在一定的时间内</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">通常是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">24h）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，在纸箱包装上施加恒定的质量，纸箱产生的变形量、损坏情况是否符合要求。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">我们可通过测试力值时间图直观了解它们的差异：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">公式的计算</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">安全抗压力</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">P=K＊G＊（H/h-1）＊9.8</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">P……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">抗压力值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">K……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">劣变系数（安全抗压系数）；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> G……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">单件包装毛重</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">kg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> H……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">堆叠高度</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">m.;</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> h……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">箱高</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">m.</SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">贮存期</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">小于</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">天</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">～</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">天</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">天以上</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">备注</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">劣变系数</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">1.6</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">1.65</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">2</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">出口纸箱通常是采用欧美的安全抗压系数</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">3</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<DIV style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">注：劣变系数（强度系数）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">K</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">根据所装货物和贮存条件决定。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">堆码质量</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">M0=K＊ （H/h-1）＊ M1</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">M0……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">纸箱施加的堆码总质量</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">kg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">㎏；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">K……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">劣变系数（同安全抗压系数）；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> M1……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">单件包装毛重</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">kg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">㎏；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> H……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">堆叠高度</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">;</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> H……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">箱高</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">m.</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">相关问题的探讨：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">劣变系数的确定就隐含了在各种储运条件下，纸箱承压能力不是都能达到标准测试条件下的抗压力要求（如湿度条件比较大），但因该系数是安全抗压系数，其</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">安全性</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">是要满足纸箱在：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">不同的大气条件下强度的降低；搬运仓储的强度减弱；负载堆叠随时间的强度衰减；运输振动冲击的强度减弱等以上大气湿度和物流条件变化情况下，不致产生塌箱或鼓胀变形失去对被包装物的保护作用。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">所以只要纸箱设计制造为合格的（满足安全抗压力要求），在非标状态下测试的抗压力虽小于安全抗压标准，但仍是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">安全的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，认识到这点，我们可以进一步通过如下的实例数据了解纸箱在不同的状态下的测试差异：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
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<DIV> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">对比项目</SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">纸箱型号</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">纸质</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">搭</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">配</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">外径尺寸</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">㎜</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">不</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">同</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">测</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">试</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">状</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">态</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">下</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">抗</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">压</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">力</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">测</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">试</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">㎏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">f）</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">抗压力要求值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">㎏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">f）</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">温度</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">℃</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">湿度</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">79</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">％</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">温度（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">23±2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">℃</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">湿度（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">50±5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">）％</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">M102</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">316＊260＊235</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">289</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">342</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">320</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">M103</SPAN></DIV></TD>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 72.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=97>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">302＊244＊235</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 67.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=90>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">296</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 93pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=124>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">335</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 70.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=94>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">305</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=91>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">M106</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 44.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=59>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 72.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=97>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">502＊276＊273</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 67.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=90>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">321</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 93pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=124>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">401</SPAN></DIV></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 70.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=94>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">296</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P></P>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">注：以上测试值为平均值。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">上表我们可清楚了解到，湿度条件较大的非标条件下测试的结果虽不符合安全抗压力的要求，但不能就此判定纸箱包装产品是不符合标准的。反之，在湿度条件较小的情况下，虽检测结果符合要求，但设计、制造上亦不等于是合格的。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">如何正确、有效评定纸箱抗压力或堆码测试结果是否符合标准？</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">因抗压力或堆码测试结果具有一定的等效性，用抗压力分析可帮我们更好地理解。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">受测试条件和工作效率的限制和要求，多数厂商通常在常温常湿条件下测试纸箱抗压力，并直接对产品是否符合要求进行评定。事实上，用此方式评定存在很大的误判风险，往往会误导对纸箱供方的评定或导致纸箱包装跨塌带来损失。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">在南方湿度条件较大的情况下，非标状态测试的抗压力强度若能达到安全抗压力标准，就意味着该纸箱完全符合要求，且纸箱的设计是符合要求的；若测试的纸箱强度未能达到安全抗压力标准，仍有两种可能：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">纸箱设计、制作符合要求；</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">纸箱设计、制作不符合要求。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">应注意的是，北方湿度条件小的情况下，非标准状态测试结果往往高于安全抗压要求，但不代表就符合标准，因在长途的物流条件中，特别是海运条件是湿度较大的，非标状态的测试结果应考虑该因素在设计中体现出来，否则导致的风险将难以避免。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">所以正确评定产品测试的结果就显得非常重要了。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">过程及基本方法：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">确定纸箱安全抗压力、碓码质量指标标准。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">以上两指标均可通过公式求得，指标的确定视乎内外销和贮存期不同而有差异。特殊情况下，如纸箱有内容物支撑的，可视实际情况定出合适的抗压力指标值，碓码质量指标一定要由公式确定。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">检测预处理状态：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">将纸箱在标准的测试状态下预处理</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">24h</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">（一般纸箱用户无条件的可到权威公正测试机构测试）之后重新测试，使纸箱的水分达到动态平衡状态。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">样本抽取注意事项：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">新产品试制阶段，抽样样本印刷、模切工序后与非印刷、模切强度相差约</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">5-20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">％，故应使样本与批量产品的状态保持基本一致。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">批量产品的抽样应符合统计概率的原则，经多年的实践经验，抽样样本应在不同的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">包中抽取</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">个，可减少误判风险。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">结果判定：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">在标准状态下检测的纸箱抗压力若有一个箱力值低于抗压力指标，则可判定该批箱不合格。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">提高堆码测试效率的探讨：堆码测试往往耗费较长时间，对经济、有效评定的方式还处于摸索阶段。下面是经我司与客户共同探讨和实践的经验。<A href="http://www.0579bp.com">标牌制作</A> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">基本原理</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">:</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">同款箱安全抗压力数值与堆码质量数值是相等的，样本的抗压力最低值不小于安全抗压力数值，通过检测</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">个箱的抗压力峰值的平均值，即可以确定堆码测试是否合格。我们可通过下图直观了解它们相关的关系</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">.</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">过程及方法</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">:</SPAN></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">我们先通过经验的测试数据了解纸箱抗压力峰值偏差情况</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">，在标准的大气条件下：</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">经搬运、运输、仓储等条件下的同款双瓦楞纸箱抗压力峰值最大</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Max</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">与最小值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Min</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">偏差约</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">﹪，单瓦楞纸箱偏差值约</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">33</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">﹪。（应剔除个别受损伤严重的箱）。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">确定标准安全抗压力的平均值</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">则双瓦楞纸箱标准安全抗压力的平均值取值通常应为安全抗压力的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">1.15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">（高出安全抗压值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">﹪），单瓦楞纸箱标准安全抗压力的平均值安全抗压力的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">1.18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">在标准状态下检测</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">个样本纸箱的抗压力峰值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">求样本纸箱抗压力峰值的算术平均值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">样本纸箱抗压力峰值的算术平均值大于标准安全抗压力的平均值，则该批纸箱合格，反之则不合格。</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">以上方法可操作性较强，对于提高工作效率和较有效地评定堆码测试结果大有裨益，各位不妨尝试。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><BR></SPAN></DIV>
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