常用蠕化元素的作用及吸收率
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<P><STRONG>元素</STRONG></P></TD>
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<P><STRONG>作用及吸收率</STRONG></P></TD></TR>
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<P>镁</P></TD>
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<LI>镁的作用是脱硫、脱氧、蠕化等。加入量如下： </LI></UL>
<P><SPAN lang=EN-US>Mg</SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US>=Mg</SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">损</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US>+Mg</SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">残</SPAN></SUB></P>
<P>其中：Mg<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">硫</SPAN></SUB>＝0.76（S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">原</SPAN></SUB>- S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">残</SPAN></SUB>）</P>
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<LI>镁的吸收率（Mg<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">硫</SPAN></SUB>和Mg<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">残</SPAN></SUB>所占的比例）如下：一般30％左右; 铁液含S很低时，可达50％左右；冲入法，约30％～50％
<LI>单独用镁蠕化，Mg残0.0150％～0.020％，控制十分困难。生产中镁与钛或稀土合用，扩大镁蠕化含量范围 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
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<P>稀土</P></TD>
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<LI>蠕化含量范围大小依次如下： </LI></UL>
<P>La（镧）＞Pr（镨）＞Nd（钕）＞Ce（铈）</P>
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<LI>稀土的作用是脱硫（到0.02％以下），去气（氧、氢、氮）蠕化。其中脱硫耗量如下： </LI></UL>
<P>轻稀土（平均原子量按142计）轻RE<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">硫</SPAN></SUB>＝3（S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">原</SPAN></SUB>- S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">残</SPAN></SUB>）</P>
<P>重稀土（平均原子量按108计）重RE<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">硫</SPAN></SUB>＝2.2（S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">原</SPAN></SUB>- S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">残</SPAN></SUB>）</P>
<P>钇（原子量88.9） Y<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">硫</SPAN></SUB>＝1.8（S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">原</SPAN></SUB>- S<SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">残</SPAN></SUB>）</P>
<P>稀土还细化共晶团，中和干扰元素，增大过冷却度，稳定碳化物。但镧减少碳化物，减少白口倾向</P>
<P>3.稀土在铁液重的吸收率约60％</P></TD></TR>
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<P>钙</P></TD>
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<P>1.钙的脱硫能力小于铈大于镁、脱氧能力大于铈更大于镁</P>
<P>2.对于低硫（S＜0.008％），钙可使石墨蠕化量的范围最宽（VG50％～100％）</P>
<P>3.钙在铁液中的吸收率仅3％左右，获得同样蠕虫状石墨，钙的加入量几乎比稀土加入量多7倍。蠕化能力差</P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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