电机在运行中应注意哪些问题?
<P><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="96%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD height=6><P><STRONG> -电机</A>在运行中应注意的问题:</STRONG></P><P> </P></TD></TR><TR><TD class=f12 height=100><SPAN class=blue></SPAN><SPAN class=hangy><DIV>(1)电机一般设计在海拔不超过1000m,环境空气温度不超过40℃的地点运行。</DIV><DIV>(2)电机在额外电压变化±5%以内时,可以按额定定率连续运行。如果电压变动超过±5%时,则应按制造厂的规定或试验结果限制负载。</DIV><DIV>(3)运行中电机的温升应遵照制造厂的规定,缺乏此相资料时,可参照表1-1的规定。</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV><B>表1-1</B><B>用空气冷却的电机的温升限值</B></DIV><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47 rowSpan=2><DIV>项号</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152 rowSpan=2><DIV>电机的部件</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=72 colSpan=2><DIV>A级绝缘</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=72 colSpan=2><DIV>E级绝缘</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=72 colSpan=2><DIV>B级绝缘</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=72 colSpan=2><DIV>F级绝缘</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=81 colSpan=2><DIV>H级绝缘</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV align=left>温度计法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV align=left>电阻法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>温度计法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>电阻法</DIV><DIV> </DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>温度计法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>电阻法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>温度计法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>电阻法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>温度计法</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>电阻法</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>1</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>中小型电机的交流绕组</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>50</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>65</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>70</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>85</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>105</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>125</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>2</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>直流励磁的磁场绕组(第4相和第5相除外)</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>50</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>65</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>70</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>85</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>105</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>125</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>3</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>有换项器的电枢绕组</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>50</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>65</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>70</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>85</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>105</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>125</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>4</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>补偿绕组和多层低电阻磁场绕组</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>125</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>125</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>5</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>裸露的单层绕组</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>65</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>65</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>90</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>90</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>110</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>110</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>135</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>135</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>6</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>永久短路的绝缘绕组</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>125</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>—</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>7</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>永久短路的无绝缘绕组</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=369 colSpan=10 rowSpan=2><DIV>其温度不应使邻近的绝缘有损坏的危险数值</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>8</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>不与绕组接触的铁芯及其他部件</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>9</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>与绕组接触的铁芯及其他部件</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>75</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>125</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>—</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=47><DIV>10</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=152><DIV>转向器或集电环</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>60</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>70</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>80</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=32><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>90</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=36><DIV>—</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=40><DIV>100</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=41><DIV>—</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV><B></B> </DIV><DIV>(4)对短时定额的电机,其各部分的温升限值允许较表1-2中规定的数值提高10K。</DIV><DIV>(5)滑动轴承的容许温度为80℃(油温不高于65℃时)。滚动轴承的容许温度为95℃(环境温度不超过40℃)。</DIV><DIV>(6)如电机运行的最高环境温度在40℃至60℃之间时,上表中规定的温升限值应减去环境温度超过40℃的数值。</DIV><DIV>(7)如电机运行的环境温度在0℃至40℃之间时(例如为t℃)、温升限值一般不增加。当与制造厂取得协议后,允许增加(40—t)K,但最大为30K。</DIV><DIV> 频繁满压启动的笼型异步电机,应特别注意其发热情况。</DIV><DIV>(8)由室外共给冷却空气的电动机,为了避免受潮,在停机后,必须及时停止冷却空气的供给。</DIV><DIV>(9)检查电刷下火花是否正常,集电环(或转向器)是否有灼伤和磨损。</DIV><DIV>(10)检查电机在运转时是否有不正常的噪声和振动,定子和转子是否相摩擦。</DIV><DIV>(11)电机的允许振动值(双振幅)见表1-2</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV align=center><B>表1-2 </B><B>电机的允许振动值</B></DIV><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>转速/(rmin)</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>振动值/mm</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>转速/(rmin)</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>振动值/mm</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>3000</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>0.06</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>1000</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>0.13</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>1500</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>0.10</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>750以下</DIV></TD><TD vAlign=top width=142><DIV align=center>0.16</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD height=6></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
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