车削加工轴类零件
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>例题：车削加工零件（图1），数控车床型号为CK6150，数控系统为F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">anuc</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体> 0T－C，工件毛坯尺寸为</FONT>Φ24X100<FONT face=宋体>，工件材料为</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">45</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>号钢。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>要求：对工件进行工艺分析</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体> 确定工件装夹方案</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体> 确定加工顺序及进给路线</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体> 选择切削刀具</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 44.85pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -44.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 选择切削用量</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 44.85pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -44.75pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/article/83/13220_rrth5i200811214242.jpg"></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><STRONG>图1 轴类零件图</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 39.25pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1. 工件的工艺分析</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>该零件表面由圆柱、圆锥、顺圆弧、逆圆弧以及螺纹等表面组成，零件图尺寸标注完整，加工要求明确，零件材料为45号钢，比较容易切削加工。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 39.25pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2. 工件装夹方案</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>设定零件的轴线为定位基准，以工件右端面与零件轴线的交点为工件坐标系的原点，左端采用三爪自定心卡盘定心夹紧。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 39.25pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3. 加工顺序及进给路线</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>加工顺序按由粗到精、由近到远的原则确定。先车削加工工件右端面后车削加工工件外圆，从右到左进行粗车（留0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.3~0.2mm</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>精车余量），然后从右到左进行精车，最后车削螺纹。CK6150数控车床F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">anuc</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">-0TC<FONT face=宋体>系统的循环指令能以设定的切削参数和进刀路线对零件表面轮廓进行粗、精加工（图2）。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/article/83/13220_oec6sh20081121431.jpg"></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><STRONG>图2 车削加工路线</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 39.25pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4. 选择切削刀具</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>选择切削刀具查表2-5-1至表2-5-8，车削零件端面和外圆时，粗车的刀具夹固系统采用压孔式2级，可转位刀片型号为</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">VAM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">T120408</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">RPF</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>，刀片牌号为</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">YB235</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>；</FONT>精车的刀具夹固系统采用压孔式5级，<FONT face=宋体>可转位刀片型号</FONT>为VCGT120404RPF，刀片牌号为YB235；车削螺纹时刀具夹固系统<FONT face=宋体>采用</FONT>压孔式5级，<FONT face=宋体>可转位刀片型号</FONT>为TCGT120404RPF，刀片牌号为YB235。</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 39.25pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">5. 选择切削用量</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">吃刀深度：<FONT face=宋体>粗车时</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">a</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: sub; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">p</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: sub; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">=3mm</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>；精车时</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">a</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: sub; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">p</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">=</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">0.25mm</SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">主轴转速：<FONT face=宋体>车削直线和圆弧轮廓时，根据零件材料与加工要求查表2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1<FONT face=宋体>，粗车切削速度V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">c=90m/min</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>，精车切削速度V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">c=120m/min</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>，按公式V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">c=</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">π</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">dn/1000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>，计算粗车主轴转速</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">n=500r/min</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>，精车主轴转速</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">n=</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1200</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">r/min</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>。车削螺纹主轴转速：按公式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">n</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">≤</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">1200/p-k</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>，计算主轴转速</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">n=320r/min</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体>。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=0 style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">进给速度：<FONT face=宋体>根据零件材料与加工要求查表2-2-2，</FONT>粗车时进给速度f=0.4mm/r，精车时进给速度f=0.15mm/r, 经换算得进给速度：粗车V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: sub; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">f</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">=200mm/min，精车V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: sub; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">f</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">=180mm/min。根据图纸加工要求，螺纹车削进给速度f=3mm/r。</SPAN></P>
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