数控机床的种类与结构
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">万能加工中心万能加工中心也称五面加工中心小工件装夹能完成除安装面外的所有面的加工；具有立式和卧式加工中心的功能。常见的万健躺工中心有两种形式：一种是主轴可以旋转</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 900 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">既可象立式加工中心一样，也可象卧式加工中心一样；另一种是主轴不改变方向，而工作台带着工件旋转</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 900 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">完成对工件五个面的加工。万能加工中心安装工件避免了由于二次装夹带来的安装误差，所以效率和精度高，但结构复杂、造价也高。数控</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">机床</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">分类：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>数控机床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">可以有多种分类方式，其中最主要的分类方式是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">按照加工方式分类</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>A </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金属切削类数控机床</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如数控</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>车床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">，加工中心，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>数控钻床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>数控磨床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">，数控镗床等等。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>B </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金属成型类数控机床</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如数控折弯机，数控弯管机，数控回转头压力机等。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>C </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">数控</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>特种加工机床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如数控线（电极）切割机床，数控电火花加工机床，数控</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>激光切割机</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">床等。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>D </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">其它类型数控机床</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如火焰切割机床，数控三坐标测量机等。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">按照数控系统功能水平分类</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>A </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">高档</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>数控机床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>B </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">中档数控机床</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>C </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">低档数控机床</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">按照数控机床的功能分类</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>A </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">经济型</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>数控机床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">（功能少，简单，价格便易）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>B </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">全功能数控机床（标准型数控机床）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">．</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>数控机床</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的结构框图：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 各部分功能</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">程序</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">编程员所编写的零件加工程序。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">输入设备</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">将程序，指令等输入到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">中的操作设备，主要负责录入程序及参数。系统操作面板，纸带机，计算机）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">输出设备</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">将程序，参数，指令等输出或显示，以便操作者进行控制。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>4 CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">计算机数字控制系统，整个机床的大脑，一切控制指令都是由此发出，包括插补运算，轨迹控制，位置控制，报警显示，程序显示等等。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>5 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">可程控制器</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">即</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> PLC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">或</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> PC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">机床与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">之间的接口，因为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">所能接收和控制的信号都是弱电信号，而机床各辅助部分均为强电信号，如冷却，润滑等，必需在之间加信号隔离转换设备，否则不仅增加系统功耗，更重要的干扰系统正常工作。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>6 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">主轴伺服</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">对</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">发出的主轴工作指令（方向，转速等）进行功率放大，驱动主轴</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>电机</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">旋转。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>7 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">主轴电机。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>8 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">伺服放大器</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">对</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">发出的轴控制位移指令进行功率放大，驱动各轴伺服电机旋转。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>9 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">伺服电机</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">驱动各轴丝杠旋转，带动工作台移动。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>10 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">位置检测</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">直接测量或间接测量工作台的位置，反馈到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">经</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> CNC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">内部进行比较后，输出位移指令，控制工作台作进一步的运动。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 加工中心的分类 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>1. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">按换刀形式分类</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> 1 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">带刀库机械手的加工中心加工中心换刀装置由刀库、机械手级组成，换刀动作由机械手完成。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> 2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">机械手的加工中心这种加工中心的换刀通过刀库和主轴箱配合动作来完成换刀过程。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">转塔刀库式加工中心一般应用于小型加工中心，主要以加工孔为主。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">．按机床形态分类 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> 1 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">卧式加工中心指主轴轴线为水平状态设置的加工中心。卧式加工中心一般具有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> 3-5 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个运动坐标。常见的有三个直线运动坐标</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">沿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> X Y Z </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">轴方向</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">加一个回转坐标</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">工作台</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">能够使工件一次装夹完成除安装面和顶面以外的其余四个面的加工。卧式加工中心较立式加工中心应用范围广，适宜复杂的箱体类零件、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#3366cc>泵</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">体、阀体等零件的加工。但卧式加工中心占地面积大，重量大；结构复杂，价格较高。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">立式加工中心指主轴轴心线为垂直状态设置的加工中心。立式加工中心一般具有三个直线运动坐标，工作台具有分度和旋转功能，可在工作台上安装</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> — </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个水平轴的数控转台用以加工螺旋线零件。立式加工中心多用于加工筒单箱体、箱盖、板类零件和平面凸轮的加工。立式加工中心具有结构简单、占地面积小、价格低的优点。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> 3 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">龙门加工中心，与龙门铣床类似，适应于大型或形状复杂的工件加工。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #111111; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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