表面粗糙度
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">表</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">面</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">粗</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">糙</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">度</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p></span></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:30pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.5\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">表面粗糙度（旧标准称表面光洁度）：是一种微观几何形状误差。它是指在机械加工中，由于切削刀痕、表面撕裂、振动和摩檫等原因在被加工表面上所产生的间距较小的高低不平的几何形状。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p></span></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">．</span><span style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">零件表面的粗糙程度直接影响零件的配合性质、疲劳强度、耐磨性、抗腐蚀性以及密封性等。此外，表面粗糙度对零件的检测精度以及外形的美观也有影响。因此，表面粗糙度是评定机器零件和产品质量的重要指标。我国的国家标准是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">GB3505-83</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">GB1031-83</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">和</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">GB131-83</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p></span></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">．表面粗糙评定参数及其数值</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"></font></span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\">⑴．基本术语<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <p></p></span></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:21pt\"><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\"><font size=\"3\">①．取样长度<span lang=\"EN-US\">l <p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 33.2pt;text-indent:-12pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.0;mso-para-margin-left:1.76gd\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\">用于判断具有表面粗糙度特征的一段基准线长度。规定和选取这段长度是为了限制和削弱表面波纹度对表面粗糙度测量结果的影响。<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <p></p></span></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:21pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">②．评定长度</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ln <p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:21pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"></font></span></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">评定轮廓所必须的一段长度，它可以包括一个或几个取样长度。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:21pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">③．中线制</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;text-indent:-36pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span></font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">以中线</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">m</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">为基准线评定轮廓的计算制。中线包括轮廓最小二乘中线和轮廓的算术平均中线。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39.2pt;text-indent:-18pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.5;mso-para-margin-left:1.76gd\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span>a). </font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">轮廓最小二乘中线：指划分轮廓的基准线</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">m</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">，在取样长度内使轮廓上各点轮廓偏距</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">y<sub>i</sub></font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（轮廓线上的点与基准线</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">m</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">之间的距离）的平方和为最小，如图</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2-1</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">a</font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）所示。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39.2pt;text-indent:-18pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.5;mso-para-margin-left:1.76gd\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span>b). </font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">轮廓的算术平均中线：指在取样长度内与轮廓走向一致，划分轮廓使上、下两边面积相等的基准线，如图</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2-1(b) </font></span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">所示。即</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F<sub>1</sub>+F<sub>2</sub></font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\">+</span><span style=\"font-weight:normal;font-family:宋体\">……<span lang=\"EN-US\">+F<sub>2n-1</sub>=F<sub>2</sub>+F<sub>4</sub>+</span>……<span lang=\"EN-US\">+F<sub>2n</sub>(n</span>为正整数<span lang=\"EN-US\">)</span>。用它近似地确定最小二乘中线。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"> <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39.2pt;text-indent:-18pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.5;mso-para-margin-left:1.76gd\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p></span></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"></font></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39.2pt;text-indent:-18pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.5;mso-para-margin-left:1.76gd\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-weight:normal\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"5\"><strong>详细资料请下载附件：</strong></font></p></span></p><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"5\"><strong>详细资料请下载附件：</strong></font></p>viewfile.php?id=50<br />
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