七种基本测量工具的使用方法和注意事项的异同点
<strong>七种基本测量工具的使用方法和注意事项的异同点</strong> <div style=\"padding-right:0px;margin-top:10px;font-size:9pt;overflow-x:hidden;width:24;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24px;line-height:normal;height:24;word-wrap:break-word\">、<span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">使用前都要根据测量的实际需要,选择适当的测量工具。如刻度尺的使用:测量窗帘的尺寸,我们用能准确到厘米的刻度尺就够了,而给窗户安装玻璃,我们就必须选用能准确到毫米的刻度尺;再如温度的测量:测较低的温度,应选用酒精温度计,而测高温,要选用沸点较高的水银温度计,测体温,则要选用更准确的体温计。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">2、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">使用前都要观察所选工具的单位、分度值和量程,确定这种仪器(或仪表)是否适合使用,观察分度值就是认清它们刻度的每一小格代表的值,目的是测量时会读数。对于一个给定的刻度尺、量筒、温度计、弹簧测力计,每一小格表示的值是一定的,而电流表和电压表,因它们一般有两个量程,对于不同的量程,每一小格表示的值是不同的,因而要先观察选用的量程,再读数,对于天平,则要认清标尺上的最大值和每一小格表示的值。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">3、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">使用前一定要注意零点和调整(校零),目的是为了测量的准确。如刻度尺,要观察它的零刻度线在哪里,是否有磨损;天平要先进行调节,即先把天平放在水平台上,把游码放在标尺左端的零刻度处,调节横梁右端的螺母,使指针掼在刻度盘的中央,这时横梁平衡;弹簧测力计、电流表、电压表都要先把指针调到零点上。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">4、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">使用时都不能走出所选用测量工具的测量范围,否则测量工具会被损坏。如温度计会被胀破,天平的刀口会损伤,弹簧测力计的弹性被破坏,电流表、电压表的指针可能折弯或折断等。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">5、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">要注意用正确的方法读数,如用刻度尺时,视线要与尺子垂直;用量筒时,视线要与凹液面的底部(或凸液面的顶部)相平;用温度计时,视线要与温度计内的液柱垂直;一些精密电表为了读数准确,还在表盘上安装了平面镜,必须注意使指针和它在平面镜中的像重合才能读数准确。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">6、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">要用正确的方法记录数据。一要注意在准确值后再加上一位估读值;二要注意带单位,一个没有单位只有大小的量是没有意义的。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;mso-para-margin-left:1.71gd\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">除了上述共同点外,这七种测量工具还各有其独特的使用方法和注意事项:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 39.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">1、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">刻度尺:测量时要正确放置,即刻度尺要与被测长度平行,不能歪斜,将刻度尽量贴近被测物体。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 39.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">2、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">量筒:观察液面到达的刻度时,要以凹形的底部(如水面)或凸面的顶部(如水银面)为准。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 39.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">3、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">天平:测量时要“左物右码”,即物体放在左盘,砝码放在右盘,注意事项还有“三要三不要”,即要用镊子夹取砝码,不要用手拿;加减砝码要轻拿轻放,不要碰撞,度加砝码时要用镊子按照由大到小的顺序添加;要保持盘的干燥、清洁、防腐蚀、防生锈,不要弄脏弄潮。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 39.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">4、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">温度计:测液体的温度时,要把温度计的玻璃泡全部浸入被测液体中,不要碰到容器的底部或容器壁;玻璃泡浸入液体后待液柱稳定后再读数;读数时,玻璃泡要继续留在被测液体中,不能将温度计从被测液体中取出。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 39.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">5、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">弹簧测力计:使用时,应使弹簧沿其轴线方向自由伸缩,不要猛拉。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt;text-indent:-18pt;tab-stops:list 39.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-list:ignore\">6、</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">电流表、电压表:正负接线柱不要接反;要选择合适的量程;电流表要串联在被测电路中;绝对不允许不经过用电器把电流表直接连在电源两极上;电压表要并联在被测电路的两端。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt\"> <p></p></span></p><p></p></div>
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