高速工具钢锻件裂纹缺陷的预防措施
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">高速工具钢是一种高端的刀具钢，具有良好的耐磨性和强韧性，但在生产中若不加注意，容易会出现裂纹等缺陷，造成报废。这主要是因为：<FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 1<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、塑性低。高速钢的合金元素多，特别是<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>S<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>Ph<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>Sn<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等杂质元素较多，容易削弱晶粒间结合力引起塑性降低。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 2<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、变形抗力大。高速钢的合金成分复杂，再结晶速度慢、温度高，在变形温度下具有较高的变形抗力。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 3<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、<A href="#">锻造</A>温度范围窄。高速钢加热温度过高，容易过热、过烧，停锻温度过低，会产生粗晶现象，理论上高速钢锻造温度范围很窄，一般在<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>200<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="280" UnitName="℃">-280<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 4<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、导热性差。高速钢的导热性较碳钢低很多，在<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>600<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="900" UnitName="℃">-900<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">加热需要缓慢，否则会引起温度应力，导致金属脆性发生。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">相关的预防措施为：</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 1<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、对高速钢的原料的金属含量严格控制。如锡含量要严格控制在<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>0.08%<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">以下。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 2<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、规定铸锭要扒皮或砂轮清理后，才能加热锻造，以改善高速钢加工时性能。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 3<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、控制高速钢的加热温度和保温时间、变形温度，并采用多火锻造。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 4<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、铸坯拔长时，开始应轻击，待铸态组织得到适当破碎塑性用所提高后，再增大变形量。自由锻拔长时，每火次变形量控制在<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>2-4<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">倍范围内，应从头部向尾部送进。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 5<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、在锻造高速钢时，减少在原料的同一部位连续旋转变形次数，规定少于<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>8<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">次。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US><BR> 6<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、工模具应进行预热，预热温度一般控制为<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>150<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="300" UnitName="℃">-300<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</st1:chmetcnv></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #505050; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。
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