动静压混合轴承用于连杆轴瓦镗床的改造
<h2 style=\"margin:auto 0cm\"><font face=\"宋体\">动静压混合轴承用于连杆轴瓦镗床的改造</font></h2><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">动静压混合轴承用于连杆轴瓦镗床的改造基本改造步骤如下：</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>1</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、研磨镗头轴承座孔。清洗后用研磨棒进行粗研和精研，镗头应置于垂直位置进行研磨。研磨后的性头轴承座孔要求粗糙度</font></span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"><font face=\"宋体\">R</font></span></em><sub><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">a</span></sub><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><0.32</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">μ</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">m</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">，圆柱度</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.004mm</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>2</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">、确定油路在镗头体的位置，进行钻孔、攻丝。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>3</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、订购轴承按外圆名义尺寸留</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.3~0.4mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">的磨削量，以保证与键头体座孔配合的需要。经研磨后与轴承座孔保持</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.006~0.008mm</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">的间隙，为保证</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体\"><a href=\"http://www.hj9411.com/\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">轴承</span></span></a></span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">外圆与内孔的同轴度，在配磨轴承外圆时要求装在锥度小于</span></font><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">1</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">∶</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">10000</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">的心棒上。轴承装入心棒时，加力按入即可，不可用钝器砸入，以免轴承变形和轴承孔损伤。取出时，可用热水浇热轴承热涨取出，既简便又安全。为便于轴承装入轴承座孔，可将轴承先进入孔的一端直径磨小</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.05mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">左右，宽度约</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">10mm</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">的锥度。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>4</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、轴承外圆配磨完毕后，用干净的煤油或汽油进行严格的清洗，然后将轴承装入镗头孔中。轴承端面距离键头体端面</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">5mm</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">左右。当轴承安装过紧时，不可强行打入，应检查以下几个方面：①轴承是否装正，②配合间隙是否过小，③轴承外圆和镗头轴承孔是否有脏物或毛刺。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>5</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">、安装和清洗油路系统。轴承安装完毕，即可按照厂家提供的资料安装油路。清洗油路时，将供油系统的供回油管相连，启动供油系统，进行循环清洗。然后连接轴承油路，再次启动供油系统进行整个轴承油路系统的清洗，并观察轴承中进油孔喷油情况是否均匀、对称，以及时发现油路系统的问题。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>6</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、配磨镗头主轴。为保证原镗头主轴仍能使用，订购轴承内径名义尺寸减少</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.2mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">。主轴根据轴承情况进行配磨。配磨主轴前，应修研中心孔，保证主轴轴径和法兰径向跳动都在</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.003mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">以内。主轴与轴承的配磨尺寸应保证</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.028mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">的间隙。配磨后轴径的圆柱度≤</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.003mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">，表面粗糙度</font></span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"><font face=\"宋体\">R</font></span></em><sub><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">a</span></sub><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">≤</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.161</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">μ</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">m</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>7</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、安装主轴。将主轴清洗干净后安装，放掉油路系统和轴承内的清洗油，换上规定的润滑油，接通全部油路，松开溢流阀，开泵运转。调整溢流阀，使供油压力至</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">1.2</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">到</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">2.0MPa</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">，检查两轴承油腔压力，一般应在</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.6</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">到</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">1.5MPa</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">之间。此时用手旋转主轴，感到轻松自如无阻滞现象为正常情况，如主轴在供油时能自转为最好。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>8</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、试运行。轴承部分安装完毕后，装上皮带轮和皮带，调整皮带拉力（不可过紧），注意此项工作应在开启供油系统的状态下进行，以免损坏主轴和轴孔。检查供油压力及轴承腔内压力是否符合第</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">7</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">项中的要求，转动主轴看是否轻便。若无异常情况即可启动主轴电机使主轴运转，这时轴承腔内压力由于动压效应会有较大幅度上升，一般为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体\"><a href=\"http://www.hj9411.com/\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">主轴</span></span></a></span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">不转动时压力的</span></font><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">2~3</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">倍。试运行</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">lh</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">后油温基本趋于恒定，如无异常便可安装镗刀杆进行试加工。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>9</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、试加工检验。按照工艺要求进行试加工。经检验，其轴承孔的圆度由原来的</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.05mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">降到</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.005mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">以下，圆柱度由原来的</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.01mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">下降到</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.005mm</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">以下，表面粗糙度低于</font></span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"><font face=\"宋体\">R</font></span></em><sub><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">a</span></sub><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">0.16</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">μ</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">m</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">经过改造后的连杆镗床经几年的运行表明，效果良好。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>1</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">、提高了机床加工精度一级。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>2</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">、降低了轴瓦加工表面粗糙度一级。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"></span>3</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、提高了机床生产率，年减少停机修理工时</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">60h</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。单件连杆加工时间缩短一半。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>4</span><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\"><font face=\"宋体\">、延长了主轴和轴承的使用寿命，预计使用免维修期近</font></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\'times new roman\'\">10</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">年。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></font></p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"> </span>5</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-hansi-font-family:\'times new roman\';mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa\">、节约了大量轴承更换维修费用或新机床的购置费用，经济效果良好</span>
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